Composition and structure of arsenic–antimony alloy electrodeposited from acidic chloride solution

AsSb alloy (0.70–95.81 wt.% As) was prepared by electrodeposition in As(III) and Sb(III) contained electrolytes. The influence of electrolyte composition, hydrochloric acid concentration, and temperature on the composition and structure of AsSb deposits was studied. The electroreduction mechanism of As(III) and Sb(III) in hydrochloric acid solution was revealed via thermodynamic analysis. The results show that the increase of H⁺ concentration promotes the reduction of As(III), while the increase of Cl⁻ concentration significantly inhibits the reduction of Sb(III). As a result, the As content in deposits increases gradually with the increase of hydrochloric acid concentration. Simultaneously, the phase structure of AsSb deposits evolves from crystalline to amorphous. When the As content is 24.55–33.75 wt.%, AsSb mixed crystal is obtained. The electrolysis temperature has little effect on the deposits composition, but the structure of deposits evolves from crystalline to amorphous with decreasing the temperature.     

Thermal stability of the nanolayered Fe2AlB2 in nitrogen and argon atmospheres

The thermal stability and decomposition mechanisms of Fe₂AlB₂ powders, synthesized by reactive powder metallurgy, were studied under nitrogen (N₂) or argon (Ar) atmospheres. The effects of using different FeB precursors to synthesize the Fe₂AlB₂ and hydrochloric acid (HCl) purification treatments on the thermal stability were also investigated. When as-synthesized Fe₂AlB₂ powders are treated in dilute HCl to dissolve impurity phases, decomposition in N₂ atmospheres occurs readily above 1200 K. The decomposition reaction involves β-FeB precipitation and the liberated Al atoms reacting with the ambient N₂ to form AlN. Under Ar environments, HCl-treated Fe₂AlB₂ powders decompose and precipitate β-FeB, by the out-diffusion of Al from the nanolaminated structure. Interestingly, isothermal annealing under N₂ atmospheres revealed that Fe₂AlB₂ was more thermally stable when synthesized from lab-synthesized, instead of commercially available, FeB precursors and when the HCl treatment was avoided. The effects of the various factors on the decomposition temperature and decomposition mechanisms are discussed herein.     

LWD仪器临界电压数据读取分析与解决

锂电池是LWD仪器正常工作的动力来源,是仪器的心脏。仪器出井后,需要在井口读取数据,当锂电池的电量接近耗尽时,会导致数据读取失败的问题。该问题处理不当,会造成长期占用井口,影响钻井时效,严重时还可能会因短路造成昂贵的LWD仪器损坏。锂电池的临界电压问题暴露了该仪器的设计缺陷,在此通过技术方法充分利用INSITE系统本身提供的功能,绕过其设计缺陷将问题解决。     

Highly disordered ionic distribution in α-dicalcium silicate for structure relaxation

Dicalcium silicate, which is found in steelmaking slag for dephosphorization, exists as the hexagonal α phase at high temperatures. The α-dicalcium silicate forms a solid solution with tricalcium phosphate in the entire composition range, although the reason for high solubility of phosphorus remains unclear in view of the crystal structure. It has previously been reported that the crystal structure of α-dicalcium silicate consists of a symmetric arrangement of Ca²⁺ ions and SiO₄⁴⁻ tetrahedra, although other polymorphs exhibit asymmetric arrangements. However, because the occupation probability of each atomic site in the α polymorph is not limited to unity, it has not been qualified how these ions are exactly arranged. In this study, the ionic distribution in the α polymorph of dicalcium silicate was evaluated by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT), as well as by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with a polarizable ion model optimized by DFT calculation. The results indicated that the completely symmetric ionic arrangement, as reported for the α phase, is the most unstable. Electronic-state calculation and MD simulation indicated that a highly disordered ionic arrangement spontaneously forms in the α-phase crystal for structure relaxation when held at high temperatures, or when phosphorus is incorporated.     

In-situ synthesis of 15R-Sialon from Al-Si3N4-Al2O3 composite at 1500°C via liquid-phase sintering

In this study, alumina-based composite with 12 wt% Al and 16 wt% Si₃N₄ was designed to achieve the synthesis of 15R-Sialon reinforced alumina composite. To investigate the reaction mechanism, two-step sintered Al-Si₃N₄-Al₂O₃ samples at different temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1500°C were prepared and characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that 15R-Sialon was synthesized at 1500°C through a novel liquid Si phase sintering and Si₃N₄ played as a precursor and a reactant. First, Si₃N₄ precursor reacted with Al to form intermediate phases AlN and Si, which were not further transformed below 1400°C. When the sintering temperature was 1500°C, the formed Si presented as a liquid phase, under the influence of which plate-like15R-Sialon was generated from Al₂O₃, residual Si₃N₄, and derived AlN. The obtained Si was also involved in the synthesis of 15R-Sialon and completely transformed. In addition to the AlN from Si₃N₄, the AlN deriving from the nitridation of Al may not react with liquid Si. Compared to 15R-Sialon from liquid Si, plate-like 15R-Sialon with smaller size was generated from AlN, SiO, and O₂.     

机械活化对粉煤灰提铝影响研究

为提高粉煤灰中铝提取率, 采用机械活化对粉煤灰进行预处理, 探讨了机械活化对粉煤灰焙烧-酸浸效果的影响。结果表明: 机械活化能提高粉煤灰比表面积、增加反应活性点, 促进活化反应的进行; 通过机械活化, 在Na₂CO₃与Al₂O₃物质的量比1.6、850 ℃下焙烧50 min后酸浸, 铝浸出率达到91.58%。     

A mixed phase lanthanum vanadate in situ induced by graphene oxide/graphite carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation

A mixed phase LaVO₄ with high dispersion was in situ induced and implanted in graphene oxide-graphite carbon nitride composite. The obtained nanocomposite (GO–C₃N₄–LaVO₄) showed high and stable photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, which significantly benefited from the improved charge separation and light absorption in the special composite photocatalyst as evidenced by UV–vis spectra, fluorescence spectrum, photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance. The fabrication strategy of mixed phase LaVO₄ in the GO-C₃N₄ provides a new idea for constructing cheap and active organic-inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts for hydrogen generation.     

AP对HATO热分解影响的机制

为详细了解高氯酸铵(AP)对5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧二羟铵(HATO)热分解影响的机制,采用热重-质谱-傅里叶红外光谱(TG-MS-FTIR)联用技术、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)方法,对HATO和HATO/AP共混物的热分解特性、气体产物以及凝聚相变化进行了研究。结果表明,HATO具有两个连续热分解阶段,HATO/AP共混物则有3个热分解阶段;HATO、AP共混后,HATO使得AP熔融峰消失,AP可使HATO的热分解初始温度提前,热分解时间延长且不影响分解完全性;HATO热分解气体产物有CO_2、N_2O、HCN、NH_3、NO、N_2、H_2O,而HATO/AP共混物热分解产生气体主要有N_2、CO_2、N_2O、HCN、NH_3、H_2O、HCN、NO、HCl、NOCl;另外,采用等转化率法计算HATO和HATO/AP共混物四唑环基团的活化能分别为53.38 kJ·mol~(-1)和60.69 kJ·mol~(-1);通过对比HATO和HATO/AP共混物热分解特性以及凝聚相特征基团的变化,阐释了AP使HATO热分解温度提前的机理很可能是:AP的铵根离子与HATO之间发生了质子转移;推测AP导致HATO热分解时间延长的原因为:HATO/AP共混物产生的NH_3与热分解中间体1,1'-二羟基-5,5-联四唑(BTO)反应生成5,5'-联四唑-1,1'-二氧铵盐(ABTOX)。     

Effect of element Ru on microstructure and creep behaviour of single crystal nickel-based superalloy

By means of creep property measurement and microstructure observation, the influence of element Ru on the microstructure and creep behaviour of single crystal nickel-based superalloy is investigated. The results show that the plate-like μ phase is precipitated along {111} plane of the Ru-free alloy during thermal exposure at 1080°C and creep at 980°C. And the precipitation of μ phase in the alloy with 6(wt)%Mo and 6(wt)%W may be restrained by adding 2% Ru element. Compared to Ru-free alloy, the creep life of the 2% Ru single crystal alloy at 980°C200 MPa increases form 123 h to 333h. Compared to the 2% Ru alloy, the precipitated plate-like μ phase in the Ru-free alloy may promote the initiation and propagation of cracks along the γ matrix up to fracture, which is thought to be the main reason of the alloy having a lower creep resistances and shorter lifetime.